guest@tfb:~$ ls -la taxes/non-resident-tax/

Non-residents holding crypto and Spanish tax (IRNR)

That a non-resident owns or sells crypto-assets does not, by itself, allow Spain to tax them. Spanish non-resident income tax (IRNR) works through connecting factors: only the income the law deems obtained in Spanish territory is subject to it, and double tax treaties may further limit that taxation. With crypto-assets, the difficulty comes earlier: determining where they are located. A portfolio held with a Spanish exchange is not the same as a self-custodied one, and the answer conditions both the IRNR and wealth taxation.

The analyses in this section study when non-residents are subject to Spanish tax, what happens to the crypto estate of those who do not reside in Spain and the scenarios raised by a change of residence.