Crypto reporting obligations in Spain: forms 172, 173 and 721

Alongside the taxes themselves there is a separate duty to inform: there may be no tax bill to pay and still returns to file. On crypto-assets, Spain requires three specific forms: forms 172 and 173, under which exchanges and custodians established in Spain must report their clients’ balances and transactions, and form 721, which the taxpayer must file when holding crypto-assets abroad worth more than 50,000 euros.

The analyses in this section explain who must file each form, what exactly is reported, what falls outside —self-custody has rules of its own— and what the consequences of non-compliance are.